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Hall effect
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Voltage perpendicular to current in a magnetic field.
V_H = IB/nqtA current-carrying conductor in a perpendicular magnetic field develops a transverse voltage V_H = IB/(nqt). It reveals the sign and density of charge carriers and is used in magnetic sensors.
In silicon the sign shows n or p type.
Voltage is small in metals.
In more detail
The Hall effect produces a voltage across a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field. The voltage reveals the sign and density of charge carriers.
Real-world uses
- Hall sensors detect magnetic fields in motors and position sensors.
- Semiconductor labs measure carrier density with the Hall effect.
- The Hall effect is used in sensors that measure magnetic fields, such as those in car wheel speed detectors.
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Frequently asked questions
How does the Hall voltage arise?
Magnetic force pushes charges to one side until an electric field balances it.
Can the Hall effect show carrier sign?
Yes, the direction of the Hall voltage reveals whether carriers are positive or negative.
What is the Hall voltage?
A voltage that appears across a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field, perpendicular to both.
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