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Nuclear shell model
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Magic numbers show extra stability.
Nucleons fill energy shells; closed shells at magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126 give extra stability.
Helium-4 and lead-208 are doubly magic.
Explains abundance and spin of nuclei.
In more detail
The nuclear shell model explains nuclear stability and magic numbers, where nucleons fill complete shells. Nuclei with magic numbers are especially stable.
Real-world uses
- The shell model predicts properties of isotopes and nuclear spins.
- It explains why some nuclei are abundant in nature.
- Nuclear physicists use the shell model to explain why certain numbers of nucleons form especially stable nuclei.
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Frequently asked questions
What are magic numbers?
Numbers of protons or neutrons, such as 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126, that give full shells.
Why is the shell model like atoms?
Because nucleons also occupy quantised energy levels, similar to electrons.
What are magic numbers?
Numbers of protons or neutrons, such as 2, 8, 20 and 50, at which nuclei are especially stable.
Related topics in Atomic & Nuclear Physics
Radiation units · Biological effects of radiation · Medical uses of radiation · Liquid drop model · Nuclear spin and magnetic moment · Nuclear magnetic resonance